# Sanitary Pad Raw Material Composition and Properties

## Introduction to Sanitary Pad Materials

Sanitary pads are essential feminine hygiene products designed to absorb menstrual flow. The quality and performance of these products largely depend on their raw material composition. Modern sanitary pads consist of multiple layers, each serving a specific function to ensure comfort, absorption, and protection.

## Core Components of Sanitary Pads

### 1. Top Sheet (Cover Stock)

The top sheet is the layer that comes in direct contact with the skin. It’s typically made from:

– Nonwoven polypropylene or polyethylene
– Perforated plastic films
– Cotton or bamboo fibers for premium products

Key properties: Softness, breathability, and quick-dry capability

### 2. Absorbent Core

This is the most crucial layer responsible for fluid absorption. Common materials include:

– Wood pulp (fluff pulp)
– Superabsorbent polymers (SAP)
– Blends of pulp and SAP

The SAP can absorb many times its weight in liquid, transforming into a gel to prevent leakage.

### 3. Back Sheet

The back sheet prevents leakage and keeps moisture from reaching clothing. Materials used:

– Polyethylene film
– Breathable microporous films
– Nonwoven fabric composites

Properties: Liquid-proof, flexible, and comfortable against clothing

### 4. Adhesive Components

– Pressure-sensitive adhesives for pad attachment to underwear
– Hot melt adhesives for layer bonding
– Silicone-based release papers

## Additional Features and Materials

### Wings and Side Barriers

Many modern pads include:

– Nonwoven fabric wings with adhesive tabs
– Elastic components for better fit
– Raised barriers along the edges to prevent side leakage

### Fragrance and Additives

Some products may contain:

– Odor-neutralizing agents
– Aloe vera or vitamin E for skin comfort
– Antimicrobial treatments

## Environmental Considerations

Recent developments focus on eco-friendly alternatives:

– Biodegradable top sheets from bamboo or corn fibers
– Chlorine-free pulp
– Plant-based SAP alternatives
– Compostable back sheets

## Quality and Safety Standards

All sanitary pad materials must meet strict regulations:

– Dermatologically tested for skin safety
– Free from harmful chemicals and allergens
– Compliance with FDA or equivalent international standards

The composition of sanitary pad materials continues to evolve with technological advancements, focusing on improved absorption, comfort, and environmental sustainability while maintaining strict hygiene standards.