# Sanitary Pads Raw Material Composition and Properties

Sanitary pads are essential hygiene products used by millions of women worldwide. Understanding the raw materials used in their production is crucial for ensuring quality, comfort, and safety. This article delves into the composition and properties of the raw materials commonly used in sanitary pads.

## 1. Absorbent Core

The absorbent core is the heart of a sanitary pad, responsible for absorbing and retaining menstrual fluid. The primary materials used in the absorbent core include:

– **Wood Pulp**: A natural, biodegradable material that provides excellent absorbency. It is often blended with synthetic fibers to enhance performance.
– **Superabsorbent Polymers (SAP)**: These are synthetic materials that can absorb and retain large amounts of liquid relative to their own mass. SAPs are crucial for preventing leakage and ensuring dryness.

## 2. Top Sheet

The top sheet is the layer that comes into direct contact with the skin. It must be soft, comfortable, and allow for quick liquid absorption. Common materials include:

– **Nonwoven Fabrics**: Made from synthetic fibers like polypropylene or polyester, nonwoven fabrics are lightweight, breathable, and soft to the touch.
– **Perforated Films**: These are thin plastic films with tiny holes that allow liquid to pass through while keeping the surface dry.

## 3. Back Sheet

The back sheet is the outermost layer of the sanitary pad, designed to prevent leakage and provide a barrier against moisture. Materials used include:

– **Polyethylene Films**: These are thin, flexible, and waterproof, making them ideal for preventing leaks.
– **Breathable Films**: These films allow air to pass through while blocking liquids, enhancing comfort and reducing the risk of skin irritation.

## 4. Adhesive

Adhesives are used to secure the sanitary pad in place. The adhesive must be strong enough to hold the pad in position but gentle enough to avoid skin irritation. Common types include:

– **Hot Melt Adhesives**: These are applied in a molten state and solidify upon cooling, providing a strong bond.
– **Pressure-Sensitive Adhesives**: These adhesives stick to surfaces upon application of light pressure and are commonly used for the wings of sanitary pads.

## 5. Fragrance and Additives

Some sanitary pads include fragrances or additives to mask odors or provide additional comfort. However, these can sometimes cause skin irritation or allergic reactions. Common additives include:

– **Fragrance Oils**: Used to impart a pleasant scent.
– **Aloe Vera or Chamomile Extracts**: Added for their soothing properties.

## Conclusion

The raw materials used in sanitary pads play a critical role in their performance, comfort, and safety. From the absorbent core to the back sheet, each component is carefully selected to meet the needs of users. Understanding these materials helps consumers make informed choices and ensures that manufacturers maintain high standards of quality and safety.