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Sanitary Napkin Material: Composition and Properties
Sanitary napkins, also known as sanitary pads or menstrual pads, are essential hygiene products used by women during menstruation. The materials used in their construction play a crucial role in ensuring comfort, absorbency, and protection. Understanding the composition and properties of sanitary napkin materials can help users make informed choices.
Core Components of Sanitary Napkin Materials
Modern sanitary napkins consist of several layers, each serving a specific purpose:
1. Top Sheet (Cover Layer)
The top sheet is the layer that comes in direct contact with the skin. It’s typically made from:
- Non-woven polypropylene (soft and breathable)
- Perforated plastic film (for dry surface feel)
- Cotton-like materials (for natural feel)
Key properties include softness, quick-drying capability, and hypoallergenic qualities to prevent irritation.
2. Absorbent Core
This is the most critical layer responsible for fluid absorption. Common materials include:
- Fluff pulp (wood cellulose fibers)
- Superabsorbent polymers (SAP) – polyacrylate granules
- Bamboo fiber (in eco-friendly options)
The absorbent core must balance high absorption capacity with thinness for comfort.
3. Back Sheet
The bottom layer prevents leakage and is usually composed of:
- Polyethylene film (most common)
- Breathable microporous films
- Biodegradable materials in eco-pads
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This layer must be waterproof yet allow some vapor transmission to prevent sweating.
Specialty Materials and Additives
1. Odor Control Agents
Many pads incorporate:
- Activated charcoal layers
- Baking soda infused materials
- Antimicrobial silver nanoparticles
2. Adhesive Components
The adhesive that keeps the pad in place typically uses:
- Pressure-sensitive hot melt adhesives
- Hypoallergenic formulations
- Removable adhesive for wings
Material Properties and Performance
Absorbency Characteristics
The absorbency of sanitary materials is measured by:
- Fluid retention capacity (grams absorbed per gram of material)
- Absorption rate (time to fully absorb fluid)
- Rewet value (how much fluid is released back under pressure)
Breathability Factors
Good breathability prevents skin irritation and is achieved through:
- Microporous back sheets
- Air-permeable top layers
- Channeled core designs
Comfort and Skin Safety
Material selection impacts:
- Softness and texture
- Reduction of friction
- pH balance maintenance
- Allergen-free