# Sanitary Pad Raw Material Composition and Properties

## Introduction to Sanitary Pad Materials

Sanitary pads are essential feminine hygiene products designed to absorb menstrual flow. The effectiveness and comfort of these products largely depend on the quality and composition of their raw materials. Modern sanitary pads consist of multiple layers, each serving a specific purpose while working together to provide protection and comfort.

## Core Components of Sanitary Pads

### 1. Top Sheet (Cover Stock)

The top sheet is the layer that comes in direct contact with the skin. It’s typically made from:

– Non-woven polypropylene or polyethylene
– Perforated plastic film
– Soft, breathable materials with quick-drying properties

Key properties: Softness, breathability, rapid liquid transfer, and skin-friendliness

### 2. Absorbent Core

This is the most crucial layer responsible for fluid absorption. Common materials include:

– Wood pulp fluff (cellulose fibers)

– Superabsorbent polymers (SAP)
– Blends of cellulose and SAP

Key properties: High absorption capacity, retention under pressure, and liquid distribution

### 3. Back Sheet

The back sheet prevents leakage and provides structural integrity. Materials used include:

– Polyethylene film
– Breathable microporous films
– Non-woven materials with barrier coatings

Key properties: Liquid impermeability, breathability, and flexibility

### 4. Adhesive Components

These include:

– Pressure-sensitive adhesives for pad attachment to underwear
– Hot melt adhesives for layer bonding
– Release paper for protection before use

Key properties: Strong bonding, non-residue, and skin safety

## Specialized Materials in Premium Pads

### 1. Superabsorbent Polymers (SAP)

SAPs are cross-linked polyacrylate materials that can absorb many times their weight in liquid. They:

– Convert liquid to gel
– Prevent reverse flow (re-wet)
– Reduce pad thickness while maintaining absorption

### 2. Odor Control Agents

These may include:

– Activated charcoal layers
– Baking soda additives
– Antimicrobial treatments

### 3. Wetness Indicators

Some pads incorporate:

– Color-changing dyes
– pH-sensitive materials
– Moisture sensors

## Material Safety and Regulations

Sanitary pad materials must comply with strict safety standards:

– Hypoallergenic properties
– Free from harmful chemicals
– Dermatologically tested
– Compliance with FDA, EU, or other regional regulations

## Environmental Considerations

Recent developments focus on:

– Biodegradable materials (plant-based top sheets)
– Organic cotton alternatives
– Reduced plastic content
– Compostable packaging

## Conclusion

The composition of sanitary pad raw materials continues to evolve with technological advancements and environmental concerns. Manufacturers balance absorption performance, comfort, and safety while increasingly focusing on sustainable solutions. Understanding these materials helps consumers make informed choices about their feminine hygiene products.